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Our Lady of the Angels (OLA) School Fire, December 1, 1958
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Personal Experiences with Our Lady of the Angels School Fire

If you have a personal experience, recollection or opinion about the December 1, 1958 Our Lady of the Angels school fire, whether you were present at the fire or not, you can relate it here. Any story or information is welcome as long as it relates to Our Lady of the Angels school fire.
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Posted by: maepauline On: 5/19/2003 ID: 84
At OLA on 12/1/58? Born before or after 12/1/58? Where Lived on 12/1/58?
No Before Old Orchard Beach, Maine
I was born in 1945 and raised in Old Orchard Beach, a small town on the coast of Maine. Many miles away from the O.L.A fire. I was 13 at the time of the fire and remember reading the article and seeing the photos in the newspaper of the children that died in the fire. The memory stayed with me. I had always woundered what happened to the children that made it. I saw an Opera show a few years ago that had a few of the students from O.L.A. on her show.

When I was 8 years old and in the 3rd grade (I am now 58yrs)there was a house fire on our street and five children from the same family died. The oldest was a boy Johnny Whitcome. He made his first communion with me. The rest of the children were younger. That event stayed with me all my life. I think that is why I remember the O.L.A. fire story so vividly. I realise the fire I witnessed was not to the degree of the O.L.A. but in some ways the feeling are simaler. I to this day do not like sirenes from fire trucks. About 5yrs ago I went to the library to fine out infomation about the Whitcome fire and printed out the articles, also went to O.O.B. historical society for information. I asked my Dad what he remembered about that early morning fire that took place two weeks after Christmas. Tears came to his eyes and all he could say was "I always had my ladders on my truck but I took them off that night". He was an electrician. He was on his way to work that early morning when he could see the mother in the second story window at the time of the fire. She did make it. That was the first I had ever heard my Dad talk about the fire and I had to ask to get the infomation. As I am writing this a tear comes to my eyes.

I found this site by doing a search about the Hartford Conn. circus fire for a friend who was 2yrs old at the time and was at the circus.

I do not know if any body is interested in my story but I felt I had to tell it. I am not sure why I am rambeling on I quess I would like to say that maybe there are other people like me who remember the O.L.A fire from their childhood that was from a different part of the country. I wish all of you my best and God bless you all.


Posted by: Carol "Vinceri" Woodall On: 5/18/2003 ID: 83
Enrolled on 12/1/58? Present on 12/1/58? Injured? Age Grade Classroom Teacher
Yes Yes No 13 7 201 Sister Mary Andrienne
On the afternoon of the fire I was asked by Sister Mary Adrienne to go down to the 1st floor to assist the 1st grade teacher. If the 1st grade classroom would have been on my floor, it was located directly across from my classroom (201). At approximately 2:40 P.M. - 2:45 P.M. in the afternoon, the fire alarm went off. We were following our usual procedure during a fire drill and I was the first person out of the room to assist the children to the front door. As I approached the front door, I was the first one there. In trying to open that door, for some reason it seemed like it was jammed and I couldn't get it opened. Finally after struggling with the door, I finally got it to open.I don't know if maybe the combustion of the fire caused it to not want to open but at least I got it opened.The procedure that we were to follow was to cross the street and stand in front of the convent, which was located directly across the street from where my classroom was located.After standing there for a few minutes, I started to wonder why no one else was coming out of the school. All of a sudden, I saw smoke billowing out of my classroom (201)with some of my friends opening the window to try to get some air to breathe, and I thought that was strange. What kind of fire drill was this? My naive mind told me that the fire department was putting in fake smoke for this fire drill. I guess you call this the innocence of the young. I didn't quite know what was going on. You have to remember in those days children were innocent compared to today's children. We weren't prepared for disasters. Who would have thought this was a fire? At about this time, I decided to go to the side of the school where the rectory was and I was shocked to see huge flames shooting from the side of the building. I now became really scared and there now was a lot of commotion with sirens, parents, people in the neighborhood, etc. Because there was so much panic around us, the nuns asked the older children to take the younger ones inside the convent. You have to understand it was finally starting to sink in that my friends were losing their lives. At some point (approximately 1-1/2 hrs.) I remember that we were asked to leave the convent and go home because there was panic all around us. If you weren’t injured, you were asked to head for home. From this point on, I don't know if I was in shock or what, but I don't remember walking home in the cold. Remember that we were without coats, hats, and gloves because our coats, etc., were in the school. I have no idea how I made it home because I don't even remember the walk home.My parents were really happy to see me, but unfortunately for my best girlfriend, Millicent Corsiglia, across the street, her parents couldn't find out whether she was okay or not. My father went with Millicent’s dad to the hospitals and morgues to try to help find his daughter. It wasn’t until later that night that they had identified her at the morgue. This was just the start of realizing the seriousness of this disaster. Who would have known that so many people would have been killed? At this time my other girlfriend next door, Emily Furlan, and I were in a Drum and Bugle Corps and we had color guard practice that night. We didn't know what to do but we decided that we better go to practice because it was mandatory that we go to all practices. We decided to take the route that we usually took when we walked to school to see what was going on at the school. Portable lights were set up and shining on the buildings as the firemen continued to search the smoldering buildings for survivors. We continued on our way to practice and when we got there, no one was at the corps hall so we decided to go to our Business Manager's home and we found out that he was out searching for some members of our drum corps. We later learned that Frances Guzaldo (our Color Guard Captain) and Roger Ramlow (bugler) were killed in the fire. Also, Valerie Thoma (flag bearer) was in serious condition. Valerie was burned over 65% of her body. She finally passed away in March, 1959.The following week would be so heart breaking. Our corps decided to stand guard at the coffins of our drum corps members. Not only were we visiting our corps members but there were so many wakes going on around town. It was really hard to understand that I would never see my best friend, Millicent, and not being able to say good-bye. All coffins were, of course, closed coffins. They say things happen for a reason. I had another friend (Christina Vitacco) who went to Ryerson, the public school, with me. She decided to transfer to Our Lady of the Angels about the same time (or possibly a year before I decided to transfer to Catholic School). I wondered sometimes what would have become of her if she hadn't transferred to Our Lady of the Angels and stayed at Ryerson School. I guess it just wasn't meant to be.The days ahead were so hard and stressful. About a week and half after the fire, they made arrangements for the students to go 1/2 days at other schools. I went 1/2 days to Our Lady Help of Christians Catholic School. They provided box lunches for us and I don't remember how long we were on that schedule. They finally worked out with the public schools to allow us to have whole floors to accommodate our students. I went to Hay Public School, which we called Our Lady of Hay. Some went to Cameron, etc., etc.My teacher was Sister Mary Adrienne who was one of the nuns who was so involved in the rescue of the children who were on fire and who were jumping out of their classrooms trying to save themselves. As is understandable this greatly affected her. We were told that "WE WERE NEVER TO TALK ABOUT THE FIRE AGAIN". If she even heard one word that we tried to say that was in regards to the fire, we were reprimanded for doing so. We desperately wanted to talk about it since we all had friends and family who perished in the fire. We never knew exactly what happened and what was going on behind the scenes with the Diocese, etc., but I guess they also didn’t want us constantly talking about this disaster.Finally in 1996 a friend told me about the book "To Sleep With the Angels" and I read it. I have to say that while I was reading the book I felt like I was there again on December 1, 1958, because the images never go away. It was as clear as if it had just happened last week. I cried throughout the book because as he told the story with the names of the children, I knew some of them. I never knew details of the fire until I read this book. Can you believe 38 years without knowing what happened on that disastrous day, and I was there. The silence that we were to abide by at the school was unbearable. As children we just wanted some answers. Our lives would never be the same. What I remember most was that we WERE NOT ALLOWED TO TALK ABOUT IT. That would never happen in today's world.I was one of the lucky ones because at least I was only emotionally scarred and not physically injured. I give credit to the survivors who were both physically and mentally affected and went on with their lives. I have a webpage (http://royal-airs.tripod.com/index.htm) with the Drum Corps I used to belong to and it has a Memorial Page dedicated to the students who lost their lives. Every year on December 1st we used to go to the cemetery and play taps in memory of all 92 students and three nuns who lost their lives in the school fire.

P.S. After looking at the diagram of the rooms on this website, it looks like I had been helping a 2nd grade teacher and not a first grade teacher. I remembered so many details of that day but I must have been mistaken about what grade I had been helping. I remember that the room I was helping was on the first floor right near the door and the room was across the hall from my homeroom which was on the second floor (201). The room I was helping was Room 102.


Posted by: DORIS TURNER On: 5/17/2003 ID: 82
At OLA on 12/1/58? Born before or after 12/1/58? Where Lived on 12/1/58?
No Before OAK PARK, ILLINOIS
My name is Doris Turner. I caught most, or at least some, of the news item in Phoenix on Friday, May 16, 2003 about the horrific fire in Chicago 1958. I stopped in my tracks as this TV program was interviewing one of the survivors living here in Phoenix.

I was a full time RN at Oak Park Hospital, Oak Park, Illinois, at the time. My husband and I were dating and driving somewhere when we heard the radio plea for onlookers to stay clear of the area so that fire fighters and families could accomplish their mission. It was the 'talk of the hospital' the following day and a request for help came to all the medical personal in the surrounding areas. I went to the hospital, don't remember which one as someone else drove, and put in a shift or two with the burn victims......children. That was a sight I will never forget, though the details have faded for me. I remember hearing later that the little seven year old girl that I cared for had died.

During those times people, not only nuns, handled losses very differently. If I can remember the horror, I can only imagine how those survivors have spent their lives.

I have spent much of my life training and volunteering with bereavement groups in hospice, because we are learning more and more about confronting losses with honesty.

I guess the part of the newscast that bothered me last night, and always does, is the young reporter's notion that this was an unusual way to treat loss. It wasn't a correct way; but it definitely was not an unusual way in the past.

For the small part I have played in helping the victims, I needed to express my opinion, but especially my empathy to all who are still suffering the loss. I'm so glad to have found this website. I'm very emotional as I write this and am now realizing how cathartic it is for me to 'speak'. Thank you to all those who made this possible for 'telling the stories'. It is one of the most healing activities in our lives. Thanks for listening. If I can help, I will do anything I can. God Bless!

Most sincerely,

Doris Turner

dorjer@cox.net


Posted by: mmacjack On: 4/26/2003 ID: 81
At OLA on 12/1/58? Born before or after 12/1/58? Where Lived on 12/1/58?
No Before North Austin area of Chicago
I found this site from the Chicago Tribune article on the fire the day of the first broadcast of Angels Too Soon . I`ve hesitated to be a part of this recollection section because I did not attend OLA. But I think there`s a purpose to my story so here it goes.

I was in 3rd grade at St. Lucy`s the day of the fire, and I think I heard there was a fire that day, but I can`t be sure. Being eight years old I was pretty oblivious to the world outside my little comfort zone of friends and family.

About a week later we were in class, I was in the 3rd grade side of a 3rd and 4th grade classroom taught by one of the nuns from the Sisters of Mercy, when there was a knock at the door and in came the principal , another nun and a little girl. This litle girl I recognized as someone who had been in our 3rd grade class but had recently left our school.

Our sister stopped our class to tell us that this girl was returning to St. Lucy`s because there had been a fire at her new school. Her first day at her new school was supposed to be that Monday, December 1st,but her mother had told her to stay home and help clean up their new house. The story was something , but the way all 3 nuns looked at this girl was what really got me . So much so that I can tell you where they all stood in front of the room, that this girl,whose name I can`t remember, was short, thin and freckled faced , was standing up there looking terrified probably embarrassed to be up there in front of the room . But it was the way the nuns looked at her, like she was a gift or something , that really stuck in my memory . After the nuns told us the story the little girl took her seat in the last seat of the last row of the 3rd grade section of our room , and school went on, but from that point on I knew that something terrible had happened - exactly how terrible I had no clue.

As I grew up and moved around like I guess we all do, I would at times think about the fire at OLA. I would go to book stores and look for info on the fire but had no luck in finding out what happened.

Then a couple of years ago my wife found the book,To Sleep With The Angels. I couldn`t put it down. I read it in a day and a half. I thought it would satisfy my curiousity and give me some closure to my search. WRONG! I had no idea about the pain and suffering of the survivors. My search to find out more sort of obsessed me-at least that`s the word my wife has used. I tried to find Michele McBride`s book. I even contacted the publisher by phone because they don`t have a website. I was told that they had planned to republish the book , but the pain of Sept. 11 put that on hold . The lady I talked to said they thought people wouldn`t want to read about another tragic event. So I eventually found the book close to home in the LaGrange library. I read that book in a day and started searching the Internet for more info. I e-mailed Channel 11 and told them they should make a Chicago Stories of the OLA fire.

I could go on and on, but when I heard that Channel 11 was doing the story I looked for newspaper articles to describe it , and like I started out this story , that`s how I found this website.

What I think is the main point I`m trying to make here is that I think there a lot of us - how many? I don`t know- that really care and are concerned for the victims - living and dead-of the Our Lady of the Angels fire. We`ve been out here , some of us for a long time, trying to understand the what, why and the how of this tragedy. I hesitated to tell my story for a long time because I realize I don`t know how the victims and their families feel. I didn`t want to intrude , but I did want to tell all of you that there`s a bunch of us out here that really do care for all of you.

A special thanks to the Webmaster for this site and allowing me the chance to tell my story.


Posted by: Connie Catalano On: 4/20/2003 ID: 80
At OLA on 12/1/58? Born before or after 12/1/58? Where Lived on 12/1/58?
No Before 956 N. Harding
First of all I think it is incredible after all these years that so many people are saying the same words I have been saying for years.

I was 8 years old the day of the fire and attended Orr Elementary School. However, my 2 best friends Kathleen Carr and Daine Karwacki went to OLA. Because I wanted to be with them, my parents were working on getting the money to send me to OLA and I was due to attend in 1959. The day of the fire I had a stomach ache and asked my Mother to let me stay home. Usually she would say no and send me off to school but that day she let me stay home. I sat at the window and watched all the children on our block...seems like hundreds... go off to school, including Kathleen and Diane. Sometime after lunch a family friend Rita Virgilio called our house to make sure we were OK because she saw black smoke coming from our area. She was at Garfield Park walking her babies around. My Mom thought she was kidding because we had a fire in our home once and the fireman had to take us out of the burning house.

My Mom decided we should take a walk and find out what was on fire, so we did. We followed the smoke and came upon OLA School, which was our parish and where we attended cathecism. We passed kids on the way whose clothes were torn and black and some were burnt. Walking home! We arrived at the schoold, I was holding my Mother's hand and we just stood there in horror, shocked and helpless. I began to cry for a family friend Gary and my best friend Kathleen and Diane. The whole day was total chaos and disbelief. I could not eat because I was worried about all the children but mostly wanted to know where about Gary, Kathleen and Diane. I remember my father crying at the table worried for all the families.

Gary arrived home, smoke stained and it took 3 days to find the bodies of Kathleen and Diane both burnt beyond recognition. I prayed everynight and thought for sure they were at someone's house.

I remember the moment a neighbor came to our front door with the news. My mother walked down our long hallway and I slipped out the upstairs hallway door to listen. My mother cried and then came up and did not say a word. When I asked she said they were just dropping something off. I was so frustrated that she would not tell me I remember yelling at the dinner table, "I know that Kathleen and Diane are in heaven, why won't you tell me!" I went to my room and cried. And in all honesty to this day, deep inside, I never have stopped crying about this whole tragedy. I could go on and on about each day that we learned of another child was found dead.

Many people on this message board have said, we just were not allowed to talk about it. It's true and I eventually went to counseling as an adult and those were the words I used! "They never let us talk about it!" To release my expereince, I have written articles about this fire and have used it for illustrations in public speaking.

I think it was too horrible to talk about for the surviving parents and they were on every block, everywhere we went. So if we were quiet, it seemed respectful to them.

One incident I will never forget was "after the fire". I walked across the street to my friend Kathleen's house. She was a red headed little cutie and had a play house in the backyard. Diane and I used to go there all the time. It is a great memory. But on this day, I went after the fire and knocked on the door to tell her Mom I missed Kathleen. Her Mother was so taken back she slammed the door in my face and soon after that they moved. I felt so bad and my mother scolded me for going there. I believe Kathleen was an only child. I sure would like to find her parents and just tell them how much I cared. Diane lived next door to Kathleen and her family build a fence that was so high no one could see over it. I saw her uncle on occasion but never her mother.

Interestedly, enough after that, I had no playmates on my block until I was about 12 years old. I played with my 3 brothers in the yard.

There is so much to tell about this event. Recently I connected with a man Larry Giantomas, who I have never met, due to a common bond of this fire. I want to thank the person who came up with this idea of a website. It is a blessing.

Life does go on, I had 2 children of my own and told them about the fire after they were adults. It took me that look to talk about it openly. I have 2 almost 3 grandchildren and I am very protective of their whereabouts. I think this is getting long but I am excited about being a part of this and hope to reconnect with some people from the old neighborhood.


Posted by: Larry J. Giantomas On: 4/19/2003 ID: 79
At OLA on 12/1/58? Born before or after 12/1/58? Where Lived on 12/1/58?
No Before I was attending college in Milwaukee WI.
I was a freshman at Marquette University in Milwaukee WI. at the time of this disastrous fire.. I read about the fire and saw it on the news and I was deeply moved and stunned.. Some how I got hold of the name of a student who was badly burned and in St. Anne's Hospital.. I think it was from the Chicago newspaper.. I sent a card to Billy Edington at the hospital. I later got a kind thank you from his mother so I kept sending cards and later I began sending Billy gifts from Marquette..tee shirts, and sweat shirts and banners.. I even got the basketball team to sign a team picture for Billy.. I was called the day he died and given the bad news.. I lost all touch with the Edingtons and soon the fire became but a memory.

A year or so ago I saw an article in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel that a survivor of that fire was searching for the fireman who had saved his life.. I contacted this person...Larry Sorce who is now a business man in our area and we met.. He later drove me to Chicago to the old neighborhood and school and we visited the cemetery where Billy is buried.. I decorated his grave...I have been back to visit Billy's grave several times.. and decorate it.. Through Larry's help I contacted Billy's father and he told me all about the fire and how Billy had suffered and how he died nearly one year after the fire.. I have made arrangements with St. Joseph Cemetery to have Billy's grave decorated on his birthday and Christmas.. I never got the opportunity and privilege to meet Billy but to me he was my kid brother and I feel I have to respect his memory.. It is a miracle that I found his grave almost 40 years after the fire.


Posted by: pmeja On: 4/18/2003 ID: 78
Enrolled on 12/1/58? Present on 12/1/58? Injured? Age Grade Classroom Teacher
Yes No No 5 K Don't know Don't remember
This is a note for Phyllis Filipponio. I knew I remembered your little sister, and couldn't remember her first name. Was Annette in kindergarten or younger? I seem to remember being in class either with me or with my brother John, who was two years behind me but only one year younger.


Posted by: Phyllis Filipponio On: 3/29/2003 ID: 77
Enrolled on 12/1/58? Present on 12/1/58? Injured? Age Grade Classroom Teacher
Yes Yes No 12 7 208 ? ?
For now I would like to correct some wrong information. My sister Lucille was not the last child identified. She was never found or identified. The spelling of her name is Lucille. Thank you. I am her older sister and was in the seventh grade. I will write more later.


Posted by: Lovebug31645@aol.com On: 3/26/2003 ID: 76
At OLA on 12/1/58? Born before or after 12/1/58? Where Lived on 12/1/58?
No Before Chicago
I emailed you in the last month. I was marrieg to A Lego.I was at ST Michels, St Edwards at the time, in 8th grade. We heard bout the school, over the loud speaker we were told to go back to Church to pray for the childern. Little did I know I would be married to a victim in the school.

He told me bout it but he did not want to talk bout it. Cause no one did after it happened. I am glad he talked, remembered what he did. He would go into a depression. I met his friend Gary, his sister, she was burned, has night mares still to this day. I feel bad for them, and others. I went to a reunion by Linda for him, with a pic when he was 12.

I am so happy for him to talk get it out, maybe he will be okay at Thanks Giving when it started.

I am thankful for that, I hope he can rest now. Thank you for listening to me.

God Bless


Posted by: OC Doc On: 3/19/2003 ID: 75
At OLA on 12/1/58? Born before or after 12/1/58? Where Lived on 12/1/58?
No Before San Diego, CA
I'm a physician in Southern California and have no personal connection to Chicago or OLA parish. However, in an odd way, I've known about the tragedy nearly my entire life.

I was only two years old at the time of the fire, and began public school Kindergarten in San Diego in 1961. I attended an elementary school, the original wing of which was founded in 1915. In the late 1930s, as the surrounding area switched from rural/farm to residential, a U-shaped addition was added to make the school into a rectangle, with a courtyard in the middle. The original 1915 wing has since been torn down, in accordance with state law (did not meet earthquake safety codes laid down in 1935), but the rest of the school, built in 1938, still stands. The school was almost all single story, except for one wing where the grade level was higher on one side than the other (due to San Diego's steep hills). One side of this wing was one-story, while on the other side it was two stories (and there were first-floor classrooms below on one side). All stairs were OUTSIDE, partly because of San Diego's mild climate and partly because they didn't want any interior stairwells.

The Kindergarten was housed in two conjoined classrooms with their own large fenced-in playground. The school was built between two hills, so that the street in front of the Kindergarten complex sloped steeply down to meet in a low point about 15 feet below the level of the playground. As a result, there was a 15 foot retaining wall topped by a high fence to keep the kids safe. The only exit was a gate on one end that led out to the street (where the street was level with the playground). I remember our Kindergarten teacher (who was, if I may say, a real witch!) explaining that our school in San Diego was one of the first to be built with fire alarms (that rang in the fire department) and with sprinklers. The walls were concrete, the floors composite, and there was little wood used in construction. [So apparently by the late 1930s, they knew how to build a relatively fire-proof school]

The first time we ever practiced a fire drill, she explained that this was no laughing matter, because nearly 100 children in a Catholic school in Chicago had died only a few years back. We also had a fireman come to the class to talk about fire safety. He brought a poster showing a Chicago fireman carrying the lifeless body of a boy [whom I now know was John Jajkowski] as an example of how important fire safety was. Also, there was a girl in our class named Antoinette whose family had moved to San Diego from Chicago the previous year, and she seemed to know a little about the OLA fire as well (from her older siblings), though I don't think they lived in the OLA parish area.

No one explained to us that the Chicago school was unsafe, and the implication was that they had not adequately rehearsed fire drills at the school [after reading this site and the book "To Sleep With The Angels", I know that this is not true, and the 1915 wing of my school, where I attended 5th and 6th grades, was just as dangerous, though only one story high]. I used to have nightmares about that poster. We lived in a two-story home and my parents bought a chain ladder for each bedroom, and we were taught how to use them in case of fire.

During my Kindergarten year, several modifications were made to the rooms, which must have been a reaction to the OLA fire. The rooms opened to a hallway on one side (rear) and to the exterior in the front (again, because of our mild climate) on the other side. Both doors were refitted with push bars instead of knobs, as was a third door leading to a storage room for play equipment; the storage room's door to the outside was also retrofitted. In addition, a second gate was cut on the other side of the playground fence leading to one of two playing fields for the older kids. Finally, a third gate was cut at the highest point of the retaining wall, a steel ladder was attached to the retaining wall, and each of the Kindergarten teachers had a key to the padlock for this gate. Due to liability issues, we never practiced descending the ladder, but we did practice lining up and walking to the gate and pretending to take our turns going down the ladder. We rehearsed different scenarios, such as a fire in the storage room, a fire in the front of the room (go out via the rear door to the hallway while led to an exit door), or fire in the hallway (go out via the front exterior door). I never understood at the time why fire safety was stressed to this degree, but now I know why: the OLA fire catalyzed a nationwide push toward better school safety.

Fast forwarding to the present, I have a patient (whom we'll call Gena--last name left out for privacy) who is a Chicago native and who moved to California in the 1960s. Recently, during an office visit, we discussed the recent (a day or two before the visit) tragic nightclub fire in Rhode Island. She knew I'd attended college there (Brown Univ.) and asked if I knew where the club was, etc. I said I'd never been there, but did know some of the physicians treating the survivors at Rhode Island Hospital. At that point, she mentioned that she had witnessed a similar tragedy: the Our Lady of the Angels fire in 1958. Her husband's nephew George Canella died in the fire, and she could recite the exact date (12/1/58) from memory, without pausing to think. She was returning from work and saw the smoke and hurried to the school, since she had relatives who were students. She recalls seeing a nun lead a group of students out of the building and then go back inside to bring out a second group; since I have now read the book, perhaps this was Sr. Andrienne Carolan.

The weird thing was that I had very vague memories of a terrible school fire in Chicago (which is why they were so strict about fire safety drills in my Kindergarten) and now, forty years later, one of my patients fills in all the details on a personal level. What a small world. I then did an internet search and discovered this site, and also learned about the book (which I have now bought and read). Today we have grief counselling and professionals to help children through tragedies, but back then it must have been awful for people to have lost loved ones and have no one with whom to discuss their feelings. I have to salute the people who survived and who carried on in the face of their losses, it's really remarkable.

passatdoc@cox.net